Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{htmlmetatags>metatag-keywords=(rti act explained,rti act in simple english,rti act 2005 plain language,rti act summary,rti act for beginners,rti faqs plain,understand rti act,rti act in a nutshell,rti act key provisions,rti act simplified)
+metatag-description=(The Right to Information Act, 2005 explained in plain English — 40 Q&A covering who can file, fees, timelines, exemptions, appeals and the DPDP 2025 amendment. No legal jargon.)
+metatag-title=(RTI Act 2005 Explained Simply: 40 Plain-English Questions Answered)}}
+====== RTI Act, 2005 Explained Simply — 40 Plain-English Questions Answered (2026) ======
+**The Right to Information Act, 2005 is India's working accountability statute. It gives every citizen a legal right to ask the government for documents, files, contracts, lists and decisions — and gives the government 30 days to produce them for Rs 10. This page explains the Act in 40 plain-English questions, grouped into Basics, Filing, Exemptions, Appeals and DPDP 2025. No legal jargon. Each answer cites the relevant section so you can verify against the [[:act|statutory text]].**
+{{ :social:auto:rti-act-explained-simply.png?direct&1200 |RTI Act 2005 Explained Simply — RTI Wiki}}
+{{page>_snippets:dpdp-banner}}
+===== The basics (Q1-Q10) =====
+**Q1. What is the RTI Act in one line?**
+A law that lets any Indian citizen demand records from any public authority for Rs 10 and get them in 30 days. (§3, §6, §7(1))
+**Q2. Who can file an RTI?**
+Any citizen of India. No age limit. No need to state reasons. No need to prove identity. (§3, §6(2))
+**Q3. Can a company or NGO file an RTI?**
+Not directly. Only citizens have §3 standing. But a citizen member of the body can file in their own name.
+**Q4. Can an NRI file an RTI?**
+Yes, if they are still an Indian citizen (i.e., hold an Indian passport). OCI card holders are NOT citizens and lack §3 standing.
+**Q5. What is a "public authority"?**
+Any body owned, controlled, or substantially financed by government, or constituted by a statute. Test from //Thalappalam// (Supreme Court 2013). (§2(h))
+**Q6. What information can I ask for?**
+Any record — file, document, email, noting, contract, tender, budget, expense, inspection report, logbook, sample, model, data in electronic form. (§2(f), §2(j))
+**Q7. What information can I NOT ask for?**
+Opinions, justifications, explanations, hypothetical answers. RTI gives you records, not reasons that have not been recorded.
+**Q8. What is the fee?**
+Rs 10 for Central Government; Rs 20 for most States; Rs 10-20 for municipal bodies. BPL applicants are fully exempt. (§7(5), Central RTI Rules 2012)
+**Q9. What is the timeline?**
+days from the PIO receiving the RTI. 48 hours if life or liberty is at stake. 45 days maximum if §11 third-party notice is involved. (§7(1))
+**Q10. What happens if nobody responds?**
+Silence beyond 30 days = "deemed refusal" under §7(2). You can file a First Appeal immediately, without waiting.
+===== Filing an RTI (Q11-Q20) =====
+**Q11. Do I need to use a specific form?**
+No. Plain paper or email works. The Central RTI Rules, 2012 have an optional form but no mandatory format. The request must just clearly identify the information and the applicant.
+**Q12. Can I file in a local language?**
+Yes — §4(3) and §6(1) explicitly allow filing in the official language of the State where the RTI is filed. Marathi in Maharashtra, Tamil in Tamil Nadu, Bengali in West Bengal — all are accepted without translation.
+**Q13. How do I pay?**
+Indian Postal Order, court fee stamp, or online UPI/card via rtionline.gov.in (Central) or State RTI portals.
+**Q14. Who is a PIO?**
+Public Information Officer — designated under §5(1) of the Act — the specific officer responsible for receiving and answering RTIs on behalf of a public authority. Each public authority must designate a PIO.
+**Q15. What if I don't know who the PIO is?**
+Address your application to "The Public Information Officer, [Department], [Address]". The public authority is obligated to route it to the right PIO internally.
+**Q16. What if the PIO says the information is with another department?**
+The PIO must transfer the RTI under §6(3) within 5 days and notify you. The transferee becomes the new PIO; the 30-day clock restarts from their receipt.
+**Q17. Can I ask for information about private parties?**
+No, unless the private party is a "public authority" under §2(h) (substantially financed by government). For truly private entities, RTI does not apply.
+**Q18. Can I file multiple RTIs on the same topic?**
+Yes. The Act imposes no limit. But bulk identical RTIs to the same PIO can be rejected as "frivolous" or treated as one.
+**Q19. Is there a word limit on an RTI?**
+No statutory limit. Many State rules impose a 500-word limit on the description part. Keep it focused and enumerate the records you want.
+**Q20. Can I track my RTI online?**
+Yes on rtionline.gov.in (Central Government). Most State portals (Maharashtra MahaOnline, Karnataka Sakala, Kerala CITU) also provide tracking. For offline RTIs, keep the Speed Post Acknowledgement Due (AD) slip.
+===== Exemptions — what the PIO can refuse (Q21-Q30) =====
+**Q21. What is Section 8?**
+The exemptions list. Ten specific grounds on which a PIO can refuse disclosure (each narrowly interpreted). (§8(1)(a) to (j))
+**Q22. What is the public-interest override?**
+If the PIO finds that public interest in disclosure outweighs the harm, information otherwise exempt under §8(1) must be disclosed. (§8(2))
+**Q23. Can the PIO just say "confidential"?**
+No. The word "confidential" has no legal standing. The PIO must cite the specific §8 sub-clause and record reasoning. (§7(8)(i))
+**Q24. What is §8(1)(j)?**
+Personal information of any person. After DPDP Rules, 2025 (effective 14 November 2025), it protects personal data absolutely; the override is now §8(2) public interest — not the old "relation to public activity" test.
+**Q25. What is §8(1)(e)?**
+Fiduciary relationship — lawyer/client, doctor/patient, trustee/beneficiary. Examination-answer sheets and service records are NOT fiduciary per //Aditya Bandopadhyay// (SC 2011).
+**Q26. What is Section 10?**
+"Severability". Even if part of a record is exempt, the non-exempt part must be released after redaction. (§10(1), §10(2))
+**Q27. What is Section 11?**
+Third-party procedure. If the record contains another person's confidential information, the PIO must give that person 10 days to object before deciding on disclosure. (§11(1))
+**Q28. What is Section 24?**
+Intelligence and security organisations (CBI, IB, R&AW, NTRO, CRPF, BSF etc.) are exempt. BUT the proviso allows RTI for corruption or human-rights allegations. (§24(1))
+**Q29. What is Section 9?**
+Copyright ground — limited exemption where a third party (NOT the State) holds copyright. State-owned copyright is not a refusal ground. (§9)
+**Q30. What is Section 22?**
+The RTI Act's overriding effect on the Official Secrets Act, 1923, and any inconsistent law. A six-line constitutional-grade provision.
+===== Appeals and penalties (Q31-Q36) =====
+**Q31. What is a First Appeal?**
+A statutory appeal under §19(1) to the First Appellate Authority (FAA) — an officer senior to the PIO. Filed within 30 days of the PIO order or deemed refusal. FAA has 30 (extendable to 45) days to decide.
+**Q32. Is there a fee for First Appeal?**
+No. Central RTI Rules, 2012 do not prescribe a fee for First Appeal.
+**Q33. What is a Second Appeal?**
+Under §19(3) — appeal to the Central Information Commission (Central matters) or State Information Commission (State matters) within 90 days of the FAA order. Commissions have broad powers under §19(8).
+**Q34. What is Section 20 penalty?**
+Rs 250 per day of delay or wrongful refusal, capped at Rs 25,000. Imposed on the PIO personally, after a show-cause opportunity. (§20(1))
+**Q35. Can I sue the PIO in civil court?**
+The RTI Act provides a statutory mechanism — First Appeal, Second Appeal, then writ under Article 226 before the High Court. Direct civil suit for damages is generally barred by §23.
+**Q36. What is Section 23?**
+Bar of jurisdiction — no civil court shall entertain any suit / application in respect of any order made under the Act. Appeals and writ before High Court are the exclusive route.
+===== DPDP 2025 amendment (Q37-Q40) =====
+**Q37. What changed on 14 November 2025?**
+Section 8(1)(j) was substituted by §44(3) of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023. The old "relation to public activity" three-part test was removed. Personal information is now exempt cleanly; the override flows through §8(2) public interest.
+**Q38. Does DPDP 2025 apply to my old RTI?**
+No. Applications filed before 14 November 2025 are decided under the old §8(1)(j) three-part test per //SBI v. Ramesh Tyagi// (SC 2025).
+**Q39. Will I get less information now?**
+Sometimes yes, sometimes no. The new §8(1)(j) is cleaner but less expansive; the §8(2) override still works. Public-servant-conduct-in-public-capacity remains disclosable per //Girish Deshpande// (SC 2013).
+**Q40. What should a citizen do differently?**
+(a) Frame RTI around records of public-authority action, not personal data of individuals. (b) Ask for severable records under §10. (c) Invoke §8(2) public-interest override with specific reasoning. (d) Know that aggregated / de-identified data is usually safer to disclose than individual records.
+===== Related reading — deeper guides =====
+  * **[[:file-rti-online-india|File RTI Online — 12-step guide]]** — includes English + Hindi templates
+  * **[[:top-20-rti-questions|20 RTI questions you can ask government]]**
+  * **[[:why-rti-gets-rejected|Why RTI applications get rejected]]**
+  * **[[:pio-rti-reply-guide|PIO RTI Reply Guide]]** — for officers
+  * **[[:faq|25 RTI Questions — quicker reference]]**
+  * **[[:rti-for-personal-problems|RTI for passport, pension, FIR, mutation, scholarship]]**
+  * **[[:glossary|RTI Glossary — 40 essential terms]]**
+===== Sibling framework pages =====
+  * **[[:section-4-proactive-disclosure|Section 4(1)(b) — 17 categories of proactive disclosure]]**
+  * **[[:pio-section-8-1-j-framework|Section 8(1)(j) after DPDP 2025]]**
+  * **[[:pio-section-11-third-party|Section 11 — Third Party procedure]]**
+  * **[[:pio-deemed-refusal-section-7-2|Section 7(2) — Deemed refusal]]**
+  * **[[:rti-first-appeal-guide|Section 19(1) First Appeal Guide]]**
+  * **[[:rti-second-appeal-cic-sic|Section 19(3) Second Appeal]]**
+  * **[[:pio-section-20-penalty|Section 20 Penalty]]**
+  * **[[:pio-section-22-overriding-effect|Section 22 Override]]**
+  * **[[:pio-section-24-exempt-organisations|Section 24 Exempt Organisations]]**
+  * **[[:cases|Case-law database — 397 curated rulings]]**
+===== What Should You Do Next? =====
+  * **New to RTI?** Start with [[:file-rti-online-india|How to file RTI online]].
+  * **Have a rejection?** Read [[:why-rti-gets-rejected|Why RTI gets rejected — and the fixes]].
+  * **Need a template?** Use the [[:templates:first-rti|First RTI template]].
+  * **Want to know your rights?** Read the [[:act|complete RTI Act with DPDP 2025 overlay]].
+  * **PIO / FAA perspective?** See the [[:pio-faa-knowledge-base|PIO / FAA Knowledge Base]].
+===== Sources =====
+  * Right to Information Act, 2005 (as amended) — §2, §3, §4, §6, §7, §8, §9, §10, §11, §19, §20, §22, §23, §24.
+  * Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 — §44(3), notified effective 14 November 2025.
+  * Supreme Court and High Court rulings cited above.
+  * Central RTI Rules, 2012.
+  * Curated case-law database: [[:cases|RTI Wiki — 397 landmark rulings]].
+----
+//Last reviewed: 22 April 2026.//
+{{tag>rti-act plain-english simplified explainer beginners faq}}

Was this helpful? — views